Arm Yourself With Specific Knowledge
用特定的知識武裝自己
Specific knowledge can be found by pursuing your genuine curiosity
追求真正的好奇心可以找到特定的知識
Nivi: Do you want to talk a little bit about the skills that you need, in particular specific knowledge, accountability, leverage and judgment. So, the first tweet in this area is “Arm yourself with specific knowledge accountability and leverage.” And I’ll throw in judgment as well. I don’t think you covered that in that particular tweet.
Naval: If you want to make money you have to get paid at scale. And why you, that’s accountability, at scale, that’s leverage, and just you getting paid as opposed to somebody else getting paid , that’s specific knowledge.
Nivi：您是否想談一些您需要的技能，特別是特定的知識，當責，槓桿和判斷力。因此，該領域的第一條推文是“以特定的知識負責和槓桿提升自己”。我也判斷。我認為您在那條特定的推文中沒有提到這一點。
Navsl：如果您想賺錢，就必須按比例獲得報酬。以及為什麼是您，那就是當責。規模化，那是槓桿。並且只是您得到報酬而不是別人獲得報酬，所以這是特定的知識。
So, specific knowledge is probably the hardest thing to get across in this whole tweetstorm, and it’s probably the thing that people get the most confused about.
The thing is that we have this idea that everything can be taught, everything can be taught in school. And it’s not true that everything can be taught. In fact, the most interesting things cannot be taught. But everything can be learned. And very often that learning either comes from some innate characteristics in your DNA, or it could be through your childhood where you learn soft skills which are very, very hard to teach later on in life, or it’s something that is brand new so nobody else knows how to do it either, or it’s true on the job training because you’re pattern matching into highly complex environments, basically building judgment in a specific domain.
因此，在整個Tweetstorm中，最難理解的是特定知識，這可能是人們最困惑的事情。
問題是我們有這樣的想法，所有的東西都可以在學校裡教，所有的東西都可以在學校裡學。並不是所有的東西都可以教的。實際上，最有趣的事情無法教授。但是一切都可以學到。很多時候，學習要麼來自您的DNA的一些先天特徵，要麼可能是您的童年時期學習的軟技能，這些知識在以後的生活中非常非常難教，或者是一種全新的東西，所以沒人知道該怎麼做，或者在工作培訓上是對的，因為您要在高度複雜的環境中進行模式匹配，基本上是在特定領域內建立判斷的模式。
A classic example is investing, but it could be in anything. It could be in judgment in running a fleet of trucks, it could be judgment in weather forecasting.
So, specific knowledge is the knowledge that you care about. Especially if you’re later in life, let’s say your post 20, 21, 22, you almost don’t get to choose which specific knowledge you have. Rather, you get to look at what you have already built by that point in time, and then you can build on top of it.
典型的例子是投資，但也可以投資於任何事物。經營卡車可能是一種判斷，也可能是天氣預報的判斷。
因此，特定的知識就是您關心的知識。尤其是如果您晚年，比如說20、21、22，您幾乎就不會選擇自己所擁有的特定知識。相反，您需要查看在該時間點之前已經建構的內容，然後在依此之上建構。
Specific knowledge can’t be trained
特定知識無法訓練
The first thing to notice about specific knowledge is that you can’t be trained for it. If you can be trained for it, if you can go to a class and learn specific knowledge, then somebody else can be trained for it too, and then we can mass-produce and mass-train people. Heck, we can even program computers to do it and eventually we can program robots to walk around doing it.
So, if that’s the case, then you’re extremely replaceable and all we have to pay you is the minimum wage that we have to pay you to get you to do it when there are lots of other takers who can be trained to do it. So really, your returns just devolve into your cost of training plus the return on investment on that training.
首先要注意的是關於特定知識的知識，您無法進行培訓。如果您可以接受培訓，如果可以上課並學習特定知識，那麼其他人也可以接受培訓，然後我們可以進行批量生產和大眾培訓。哎呀，我們甚至可以對計算機進行編程來做到這一點，最終我們可以對機器人進行編程以四處走動。
因此，如果是這樣，那麼您就很有可能被替換，並且當有許多其他接受培訓的人員接受培訓時，我們所需要支付的最低工資就是我們為您提供的最低工資。因此，實際上，您的回報僅取決於培訓成本以及該培訓的投資回報。
So, you really want to pick up specific knowledge, you need your schooling, you need your training to be able to capitalize on the best specific knowledge, but the part of it that you’re going to get paid for is the specific knowledge.
因此，您確實想學習特定的知識，需要學習，需要接受培訓才能利用最佳的特定知識，但是您將獲得報酬的部分是特定知識。
Specific knowledge is found by pursuing your curiosity
通過追求好奇心可以找到特定的知識
For example, someone who goes and gets a degree in psychology and then becomes a salesperson. Well if they were already a formidable salesperson, a high grade salesmanship to begin with, then the psychology degree is leverage, it arms them and they do much better at sales.
But if they were always an introvert never very good at sales and they’re trying to use psychology to learn sales, they’re just not going to get that great at it.
例如，某人先獲得心理學學位，然後成為推銷員。好吧，如果他們已經是一個強大的銷售人員，一開始就屬於高級銷售人員，那麼心理學位就是槓桿作用，它可以武裝他們，使他們在銷售方面做得更好。
但是，如果他們總是內向，從來不擅長銷售，並且試圖利用心理學來學習銷售，那麼他們只是不會變得那麼出色。
So, specific knowledge is found much more by pursuing your innate talents, your genuine curiosity, and your passion. It’s not by going to school for whatever is the hottest job, it’s not for going into whatever field investors say is the hottest.
Very often specific knowledge is at the edge of knowledge. It’s also stuff that’s just being figured out or is really hard to figure out.
因此，通過追求先天的才華，真正的好奇心和熱情，可以找到更多的特定知識。這不是為了最熱門的工作而上學，也不是因為投資者認為最熱門的任何領域。
很多時候，特定的知識處於知識的邊緣。那些東西還是剛剛被發現或者真的很難發現。
So, if you’re not 100% into it somebody else who is 100% into it will outperform you. And they won’t just outperform you by a little bit, they’ll outperform you by a lot because now we’re operating the domain of ideas, compound interest really applies and leverage really applies.
So, if you’re operating with 1,000 times leverage and somebody is right 80% of the time, and somebody else is right 90% of time, the person who’s right 90% of the time will literally get paid hundreds of times more by the market because of the leverage and because of the compounding factors and being correct. So, you really want to make sure you’re good at it so that genuine curiosity is very important.
因此，如果您不是100％參與其中，那麼其他100％參與其中的人將會勝過您。他們不僅會超越您一點點，而且會大大超越您，因為現在我們正在操作想法的領域，複利真正適用，槓桿也真正適用。
因此，如果您以1,000次的槓桿率進行操作，而某人在80％的時間裡是正確的，而另一人在90％的時間裡是正確的，那麼90％的時間裡正確的人實際上將獲得數百倍的報酬。市場由於槓桿作用以及由於復合因素而正確。因此，您確實要確保自己擅長，因此真正的好奇心非常重要。
Building specific knowledge will feel like play to you
建立特定的知識將像玩一樣
So, very often, it’s not something you sit down and then you reason about, it’s more found by observation. You almost have to look back on your own life and see what you’re actually good at.
For example, I wanted to be a scientist and that is where a lot of my moral hierarchy comes from. I view scientists sort of at the top of the production chain for humanity. And the group of scientists who have made real breakthroughs and contributions that probably added more to human society, I think, than any single other class of human beings.
因此，很多時候，這不是您坐下來然後想到的事情，而是通過觀察發現的。您幾乎必須回顧自己的生活，看看自己真正擅長的是什麼。
例如，我想成為一名科學家，而這正是我的許多道德階級的來源。我認為科學家有點像是人類生產鏈的頂端。我認為，做出了真正的突破和貢獻的科學家群體可能比其他任何一個人類階級都對人類社會有更大的幫助。
Not to take away anything from art or politics or engineering or business, but without the science we’d still be scrambling in the dirt fighting with sticks and trying to start fires.
My whole value system was built around scientists and I wanted to be a great scientist. But when I actually look back at what I was uniquely good at and what I ended up spending my time doing, it was more around making money, tinkering with technology, and selling people on things. Explaining things, talking to people.
並不是要從藝術，政治，工程或商業中奪走任何東西，但是如果沒有科學，我們仍然會在用棍棒撲滅泥土並試圖生火的過程中爭先恐後。
我的整個價值體係是圍繞科學家建立的，我想成為一名偉大的科學家。但是，當我真正回顧自己最擅長的領域以及最終花時間做的事情時，更多的是圍繞賺錢，修補技術和向人們推銷東西。解釋事情，與人交談。
So, I have some sales skills, which is a form specific knowledge that I have. I have some analytical skills around how to make money. And I have this ability to absorb data, obsess about it, and break it down and that is a specific skill that I have. I also just love tinkering with technology. And all of this stuff feels like play to me, but it looks like work to others.
So, there are other people to whom these things would be hard and they say like, “Well, how do I get good at being pithy and selling ideas?” Well, if you’re not already good at it or if you’re not really into it, maybe it’s not your thing, focus on the thing that you are really into.
因此，我有一些銷售技能，這是我所具有的特定於表格的知識。我有一些如何賺錢的分析技能。而且我具有吸收數據，沉迷於數據並分解數據的能力，這是我所擁有的特定技能。我也只喜歡修補技術。所有這些東西對我來說就像玩遊戲，但對其他人來說就像工作。
因此，有些人很難接受這些事情，他們說：“好吧，我如何善於精明和推銷想法？”好吧，如果您還不擅長它，或者您不是真的很喜歡它，也許這不是您的事，那就專注於您真正感興趣的事情。
This is ironic, but the first person to actually point out my real specific knowledge was my mother. She did it as an aside, talking from the kitchen and she said it when I was like 15 or 16 years old. I was telling a friend of mine that I want to be an astrophysicist and she said, “No, you’re going to go into business.”
I was like, “What, my mom’s telling me I’m going to be in business. I’m going to be an astrophysicist. Mom doesn’t know she’s talking about.” But mom knew exactly what she was talking about.
具有諷刺意味的是，第一個真正指出我真正的專業知識的人是我的母親。她一邊，在廚房裡聊天，她說的時候我只有15或16歲。我告訴我的一個朋友我想成為一名天體物理學家，她說：“不，你要去做生意。”
我當時想，“什麼，我媽媽告訴我我要去做生意。我將成為天體物理學家。媽媽不知道她在說什麼。”但是媽媽完全知道她在說什麼。
She’d already observed that every time we walk down the street, I would critique the local pizza parlor on why they were selling their slices a certain way with certain toppings and why their process of ordering was this way when it should have been that way.
So, she knew that I had more of a business curious mind, but then my obsession with science combined to create technology and technology businesses where I found myself.
So, very often, your specific knowledge is observed and often observed by other people who know you well and revealed in situations rather than something that you come up with.
她已經觀察到，每當我們走上這條街時，我都會批評當地的披薩店，為什麼他們以某種方式出售他們的披薩，為什麼他們的訂購過程應該用這種方式。
因此，她知道我對業務有更多的好奇心，但是後來我對科學的痴迷加深了我創建自己的技術和技術業務的步伐。
因此，很多時候，您的特定知識會被其他了解您的人所觀察到，並且經常被其他人所觀察到、被發現，而不是您自己想到的東西。
Reference: Naval podcast scripts
